Kochland Page 84
acquisition Farmland fertilizer plants for, 305, 501
Koch Forest Products, 319
Koch Gateway, 252–53, 263
Koch Genesis, 293, 352, 353, 585
Koch Global Alerts, 258
Koch Industries PAC, 394, 456
Koch Microelectronic Service Company, 222
Koch Minerals, 223, 225, 296, 308
Koch Minerals Cayman, Ltd., 503
Koch Nitrogen, 296–98, 300, 301, 305, 587
Koch Nitrogen Shipping, Ltd., 503
Koch Petroleum, 221, 222
Koch Resources, 572, 588
Koch Supply & Trading, 223, 241–45, 260, 355, 357, 572, 587
consolidation of trading operations under, 239–40
Hall as CFO of, 487, 504, 583
inside information for, 248, 252
natural gas marketplace captured by, 251–52
Koch University, 120–29, 222, 225, 367, 467
Kovar, Charles, 524, 526
Krauthammer, Charles, 458
Kreutzer, David, 555
Kriens, Don, 177, 178, 182–84
K-State, see Kansas State University
Kujawa, John, 72–73, 75–77
Kujawa, Martha Ann, 76
Kyoto Convention on Climate Change (1997), 394
Labor, US Department of, 517
Labor Education & Research Center (LERC), 375
Labor Management System (LMS), 323–43, 373, 376–78, 385–86, 389, 513, 587
events leading to use of, 323–32
Georgia-Pacific adoption of, 331–33
impacts of regulations of, 333–36
ranking of drivers and supervisors by, 338–41, 378
workers’ pay under, 341–42
laissez-faire system, 92, 148, 272, 359
Lance, Leonard, 442
Langhofer, Keith, 49
Lawrence, Steven, 158
Lawrence, Ted, 157–58, 186
Lehman Brothers, 229, 261, 264, 353, 590
mortgage debt holdings leading to collapse of, 349–50
oil futures at, 237
private equity deals of, 294
Leonard, Timothy, 142, 143
leveraged buyouts, 198
liberals, 2, 273, 314, 429, 435, 587
carbon emissions legislation introduced by, see Waxman-Markey cap-and-trade bill
Cayman Islands tax dodges investigated by, 503
climate change derided as hoax perpetrated by, 329, 401, 480
in Democratic Party, 157, 227, 269, 409, 416, 447
greenhouse gas regulations drafted by, 395
lobbying by, 409
loss of congressional majority of, 482
in Republican Party, 112, 227
think tanks of, 397
libertarianism, 5, 42, 250, 267, 532, 548
politics and, 137, 146, 147
Tea Party differences with, 438
think tanks of, 268, 395, 445, 448–49, 547–48, 553
Trump as antithesis of, 533, 537
Libertarian Party, 14, 94, 112–14, 138, 393
Libertarian Reason Foundation, 457
Limbaugh, Rush, 458
limited liability corporations (LLCs), 311, 312, 502, 540
Lincoln, Blanche, 409
Lincoln Center, 345
Lindzen, Richard S., 400
LinkedIn, 374
Linn, Jim, 117
Lipton, Eric, 558
livestock feed, 169, 196, 199–201, 205–9, 231
lobbyists, 4, 5, 135, 406–16, 458, 518, 535, 554
against Border Adjustment Tax, 544, 546–47
in California power crisis, 268, 273–75, 348
against cap-and-trade bill, 404, 406, 422–25, 432, 450, 581, 583, 584
coordination of third-party groups with, 322, 446–49
echo chamber tactic of, 445–47
economic elite, policy outcomes of, 572
front groups for, 146, 150, 163n, 268, 540
for global warming regulations, 397–98, 401, 404–6, 418
influence on courts and US Attorney’s offices of, 138, 142
Inglis and, 418–20
neoliberal, 227
for renewable energy, 480
against oil theft legal case, 394, 584
Trump administration and, 535, 563
LoBiondo, Frank, 442–43
Lochner, Joseph, 93
Lockheed Martin, 408
Loewe, Dylan, 404
London, Jack, 383, 530
See also Waxman-Markey bill
Lonegan, Steve, 429–35, 442–43, 455, 458, 586
Los Angeles Times, 287
Louisiana, 122, 128, 231, 253, 473, 583
chemical plants in, 100, 195
fertilizer plant in, 194, 296–98, 304
oil theft in, 30, 46–47, 122
Lowe, Rob, 398
Luxembourg, 502
Lycra, 312
MacArthur, Tom, 541n,
Mahoney, Jim, 315
management theories, 50, 191
See also Market Based Management
manufacturing plants, 35, 100
See also chemical plants; fertilizer plants; paper mills; pulp mills
Markel, F. Lynn, 87–91, 97, 105, 120, 121, 221, 586
market analysis, 5, 97
Market-Based Management (MBM), 4, 7, 120, 181, 359, 507, 510
in acquisitions, 202–3, 211, 308, 329, 405, 482
business failures resulting from, 153, 214, 216
encoded philosophy in, 152, 486, 568
key elements of, 329
in labor contract negotiations, 378, 591
leadership team made of proponents of, 221–22
political implications, 406–7, 482, 485, 574, 586
politics of, 406–7, 566, 574
process owners in, 162
profit centers in, 163
safety issues related to, 153, 156, 512, 518, 520, 526–27
in trading division, 261
training new hires in, 314, 368–69, 501
Markey, Ed, 397, 402, 403, 414, 420, 422, 586
See also Waxman-Markey bill
Marshall, Bettye, 116
Marshall, J. Howard, II, 50, 107, 116–17
Marshall, J. Howard, III, 107, 116–17
Marshall, Stephen, 140
Marx, Karen, 318
Marx, Karl, 41
Massachusetts, Markey as congressman from, 397, 586
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), 99, 100–101, 105, 228, 344, 400
Koch family members at, 37, 39, 99, 499, 585–86
Matador Cattle Company, 37
Mawer, Steve, 357–58, 362, 587
Mayer, Jane, 459, 579
Maynard, Nancy G., 401
McCain, John, 19, 394, 541
McCaskill, Claire, 444
McCausland, Laurie, 412n
McKinney, Travis, 334–37, 341–42, 347, 587
McKinsey & Company, 237–39
Meacham, John, 427
Meadows, Mark, 539–41, 546–47, 550–51, 587
Medicaid, 114
Medicare, 93, 114, 147, 227, 228, 438
megawatt-hours, markets for trading, 266–67, 271, 277–86
floating prices on, 277
nonprofit authority to ensure reliability of, 268
parking transactions on, 281–85
price caps on, 279–80
reasonable rates on, 273
West Power Clearing Model for, 279
Mehlman Vogel Castagnetti, 409
Mercatus Center, 139, 369, 445, 459
Mercury contamination, 167
mergers, 203n 212, 310, 473
and acquisitions, 45, 146, 198, 501
Merrill Lynch, 292
methane emissions, 399
Mexico, 147, 507, 538, 543
fertilizer terminals in, 507
Michelin, 417
Michigan, Democrats in 2016 election in, 52, 397
microseismic imaging, 465
Minnesota, 149, 157–59, 172, 254, 569
Pollution Control Agency (MPCA) of, 160, 173, 177–84, 187, 188
refinery in, see Pine Bend refinery
Mises, Ludwig von, 4, 124, 438, 440, 533
academic interest in, 152, 369
collector’s editions of works of, 393
free market absolutism of, 42, 82
judges ranked for conformity with teachings of, 139
Koch Industries as laboratory to test theories of, 96–97
political economy concept of, 91–92
Mississippi River, 54, 122, 154, 160, 165, 170, 176n, 507
Mobil Oil Company, 43
Moeller, Joe, 221, 295, 320–21
Molex, 483, 568, 569, 572, 584
Money laundering, 150–51
Monitor Group, 191
Monocel, 100
monopolies, 5, 22, 146, 272–73, 286, 577
Montana, 450
Monte Carlo simulations, 105–6
Moody’s rating agency, 207
Morgan, Mike, 274
Morgan Stanley, 1, 237, 350
Morgantown Energy Research Center (MERC), 468
Morris, Kenny, 524, 526
mortgages, 54, 61, 62, 206, 341, 388
interest rates on, 347–48
market trading in, 293, 349, 436
Mosaic Company, 188
Moxley, Tom, 478–82
Munoz, Charles, 555
Mydans, Bob, 142, 144
NASA, 84, 401n, 534, 552
Natenberg, Sheldon, 256
National Agricultural Center and Hall of Fame, 305
National Association for Environmental Management, 188
National Association of Manufacturers (NAM), 447, 448
National Bureau of Economic Research, 468
nationalism, 533
National Labor Relations Board, 71
National Parks Service, 249
National Republican Congressional Committee (NRCC), 419
National Rifle Association, 480
Natural gas, 94, 229, 255–60, 312, 406, 415
fracking of, 463–72, 475
infrastructure for processing and shipping, 45, 65, 247, 249–52, 285, 500
market trading in, 232–33, 238, 243, 246–47, 255–56, 587
nitrogen-based fertilizer derived from, 194–95, 297, 299–301, 305, 482, 508
power plants operating with, 249, 262–63, 267, 273, 276, 279, 443, 477, 556
regulation and deregulation of, 250–51
renewable energy alternatives to, 479
“Natural Gas Point of View” slideshow, 259, 260
Navy, US, 246, 376
Nebraska, 194, 300
Neels, Kevin, 544
neoliberalism, 148, 227, 228, 402, 435, 446
neopopulism, 447
Nesmith, Tom, 280–82, 587
Nevada, 443
Americans for Prosperity chapter in, 555
New Deal, 94, 226–27, 404, 414, 418, 446, 555
economic interventionism of, 4–5, 92, 359–61, 461, 286
energy industry regulations of, 250, 267–68, 272
farm programs of, 204
infrastructure policy of, 373
Obama’s new, 482
pro-union legislation in, 51, 71, 527
safety-net programs of, 227, 438
New Jersey, 432, 434, 476
Americans for Prosperity chapter in, 429–30, 438, 442, 443, 455, 586
New Hampshire, Pruitt in, 560
New Mexico, oil theft in, 49, 145
Newseum, 550
New Source Review, 148–49, 473, 576
New York City, 119, 294, 493, 500
David Koch in, 39, 112, 344–46
Elizabeth Koch in, 506–7, 586
Freddie Koch in, 39, 586
market trading in, 235, 241, 242
September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks (9/11) in, 227, 228
New York Mercantile Exchange (NYMEX), 234–35
New York Public Library, 346
New York State, 154, 158
Georgia-Pacific job cuts in, 353
State Attorney General’s Office of, 132
transportation infrastructure from Florida to, 128
US Attorney General’s Office in Northern District of, 132
New York State Theater, 345
New York Stock Exchange, 1
New York Times, The, 197, 345, 558
Magazine, 562
Nezer, Marc, 197
Nicastro, David, 140–41
Nickles, Don, 138, 142–45
nitrification, 161, 167
nitrous oxide emissions, 399, 411–12
Nixon, Richard, 79, 92, 93, 113
North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), 147, 148, 446–47
North Carolina, 353, 547
Americans for Prosperity chapter in, 430, 547, 550
Freedom Caucus congressman from, 539, 587
North Dakota, 145, 466–58
North Sea oil drilling, 231
nuclear power, 259, 285
NuStar Energy, 462
Oaktree Capital Management, 294
Obama, Barack, 382, 429, 451, 457, 461, 482, 533
alterative fuels promoted by, 439
Americans for Prosperity opposition to, 427, 570
carbon emissions regulations advocated by, 2, 393–94, 403–4, 411, 414, 477, 556, 561
command-and-control system imposed on economy by, 362
election of, 433, 587
health care legislation of, 411, 445, 537, 539
Koch’s response to, 359–61, 389–91, 459–60, 482
mortgage modification proposed by, 362, 436
Pence’s cry for rebellion against agenda of, 421
stimulus bill of, 361, 390, 422
Obamacare, 428–29, 445, 453, 537–39, 541, 546, 549, 552
Occupational Health and Safety Administration, see OSHA
Oil, Chemical and Atomic Workers Union (OCAW), 56–79, 180–81, 254, 327, 571, 590
contract negotiations of Koch Refining Company and, 57–63, 72–73, 75–76
Pine Bend strike of, 63–69, 75–78, 80, 82, 161, 181, 324, 386–87, 584, 588
at Red Wing Pottery, 57
offshore tax havens, 502–3
oil theft, 7, 8, 19, 130–36, 140–45, 582, 584
Dole delegitimizes issue of, 138
FBI investigation of, 11–13, 15–17, 26–27, 130–32, 141–44, 583
from Indian reservations, 20–21, 46, 131, 133, 136, 394
oil gathering mismeasurement technique for, 15, 49, 130–31, 133, 145, 237
Senate hearings on, 130
senior executives involved in, 134, 140, 585
Oklahoma, 41, 74, 146, 149, 444, 508
fertilizer plant in, 300, 508
natural gas refinery in, 45
oil theft in, 8, 11–14, 16–17, 19–21, 25, 129, 131, 133, 135–38, 140–45, 394, 581–86, 590
Pine Bend refinery workers from, 65, 67
Pruitt’s political career in, 557–59, 588
University of, 191
Oklahomans for Judicial Excellence, 139, 146
O’Mara, Maureen, 186
O’Neill, Brenden, 7, 241–46, 249–50, 252–65, 348, 498–99
bonuses paid to, 261, 264
financial problems of, 254–55
natural gas trading by, 249, 250, 252–53, 256–65, 267, 276, 279, 587
OPEC, 23, 204, 272, 352, 464, 472
opportunistism, 45, 124–25, 192, 467
Option Volatility and Pricing Strategies (Natenberg), 256
Oregon, 258, 285, 379, 380, 571
University of, 375, 388
warehouses in, 323–26, 332, 340–41, 347, 371–88, 512, 582–84, 587, 590
Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries, see OPEC
Osage tribe, 136–37
Osbourn, Wes, 476, 505
OSHA, 93, 113, 517, 520, 525, 526
Pacific Gas and Electric Company (PG&E), 284, 285
Packebush, Steve, 296–98, 300–306, 308, 504, 507–8, 511, 587
paper mills, 308, 318, 323, 332, 522,
during recessions, 470
wastewater treatment at, 154, 158, 165
paraxylene, 127
Paris Climate Accord, 560, 561
Paul, Rand, 532
Paulson, Bernard, 51–56, 97, 104, 127
cowboy boots worn by, 55, 59, 68
first meeting of Koch and, 51–52
refinery management by, 51, 82–86, 97, 105, 588
union breaking by, 7, 52, 58–77
Paulson, Henry, 359
Payton, Lowell, 56, 68, 77
Peace, J. Stephen, 269–71, 273–79, 285–86, 288, 292, 348, 588
Peace Corps, 396
Pelosi, Nancy, 396–97, 403, 420, 438, 441
Pence, Mike, 421, 453, 458, 562
Pennsylvania, 444
fracking in, 468
oil industry in, 399
pig business in, 206
2016 presidential election in, 533
Pentagon, 227, 552
Permanently Blue (Loewe), 404
Persian Gulf nations, 23, 504
See also OPEC
petrochemicals, 55–56, 127, 246, 312, 353
Pew Research Center, 450
Phillips, Jonathan, 395–96, 402, 409, 419, 424, 454, 553
background of, 396
cap-and-trade policy supported by, 403–5, 414–16
global warming concerns of, 396–98, 588
at House passage of Waxman-Markey bill, 420–22
Phillips, Tim, 427, 430, 438, 547–49, 588
Phillips Petroleum, 21, 25
piercing the veil, 212–13, 459
pig industry, 200, 205–9
Pine Bend refinery, 50–79, 107, 195, 327, 367, 571
acquisition of, 50–51, 78, 294, 520
ammonia-polluted water released from, 154, 159–88, 190, 225, 582, 583, 590, 591
barge transport of crude oil to, 122
Canadian oil processed at, 50, 79, 544–45
Clean Air Act loophole for, 148
competitive advantages of, 126–27, 300
compliance team at, 315
Corpus Christi refinery and, 469–71, 476, 568
crude oil purchases for, 239, 466
diesel engine crash into, 70–71, 74
Market-Based Management at, 152–53, 163
Minnesota location of, 25, 254
Paulson as manager of, 52–56, 105, 482, 588
profitability of, 85–86, 97, 159, 224, 345, 447, 544
shutdowns for repairs of, 232–33
strike at, 63–69, 75–78, 80, 82, 161, 181, 324, 386–87, 584, 588
union contract negotiations at, 57–63, 72–76
pipelines, 43, 45, 245, 276, 501, 591
acquisitions of, 14, 91
ammonia, 193–95, 297, 308
constructed to Corpus Christi refinery, 462–63
divestment of, 222
Fred Koch’s, 35, 37, 40